What to expect from 3D printing

My printer is well dialed-in and I've made a lot of these, so prints usually come out as clean as FDM gets. Even so, 3D printing — like any way of making real parts — has limits worth knowing before you order. Here's what your print will actually look like.

Shapes and overhangs

A curved test part with its temporary supports, beside the same part with them removed
On the left, a part with its supports; on the right, the same one with them off
An overhang angle test printed with the numbers 30 to 80, beside the support that came off it
The numbers are the overhang angle — the surface roughens toward the high end
The overhang undersides of two identical parts, one printed with supports and one without
An overhang's underside: printed with supports on the left, without on the right
A miniature encased in temporary supports, their contact layer a paler color
A miniature exactly as it comes off the printer
The same miniature cleaned up, next to the pile of supports broken off it
I print the supports' contact layer in a different material, so they come away leaving almost no mark
Some shapes are easy, some are hard. Anything that juts out over thin air needs temporary supports printed underneath, and removing them leaves small marks — very fine or delicate features (miniatures, say) can break outright. If a model looks risky this way, I'll usually catch it and let you know before you pay.

Fit and dimensions

Digital calipers measuring a 20 mm test cube, reading 19.98 mm
A 20 mm test cube — 19.98 mm
The same cube measured across the print direction, reading 19.98 mm
The other way, across the layers — 19.98 mm again
The same cube measured along the print direction, reading 20.23 mm
The arrow marks the print direction — 20.23 mm here
FDM printing, like any other way of making things, has its accuracy limits. With my printer and settings width and length usually land within about ±0.1 mm. Height can come out a touch over — that's a slight ridge in the top surface, and a minute of sanding takes it off. I print your model as sent and don't edit the files, so any sizing — a hole for an M3 bolt, for instance — has to be in the model. A standard bolt hole prints fine. But getting one printed part to fit snugly into another printed slot is fiddly and rarely worth the trial-and-error — when you design it, leave a ~0.3–0.5 mm gap so the parts slide, or join them with glue or screws.

Strength and toughness

Two test squares from above: a dense fine grid on the left, a coarser open one on the right
Strong on the left, Standard on the right — a denser middle, though neither is solid
Not every part needs to be built like a tank, and there's more than one way to make one strong. A little counterintuitively, the biggest gains usually come from a thicker, tougher outer shell rather than from cramming more plastic into the middle — a solid shell around a lighter core gives you a part that's strong without being needlessly heavy or slow to print. That's how my Standard profile is set up for everyday parts. When something has to carry real weight or take a beating, the Strong profile thickens that outer shell and reinforces the core. Printing a part completely solid all the way through is rarely worth the extra plastic and time — I save that for the rare part that genuinely needs to be a solid block.

Strength and print direction

The same part — snapped along its layers, or holding strong
3D printed parts aren't equally strong in every direction. Because they're built up layer by layer, they behave a lot like wood — they split more easily along the grain. On the quote page, the "Print position" preview (the middle image) shows the orientation I'd pick for efficient printing, but under load a part arranged that way would most likely break across the horizontal plane, at its narrowest point. If it's just decorative, that doesn't matter. But if it's a bracket, hook, or mount that has to hold weight or take an impact, just leave a quick note when you order about how you'll use it. I'll manually rotate the part on the bed so it's strongest exactly where you need it.

Layer lines

A cylindrical test print in diffuse light, where the layer lines are hard to make out
In ordinary light the layers are hard to see
The same part lit from above, where every layer line stands out
The same part lit from above — the trick painters use to check a wall
Every part is printed layer by layer (0.20 mm each), so seeing them is a normal characteristic of the final piece, not a defect. On flat faces and upright walls they're subtle. But on a gently slanted or curved surface those layers show up as fine steps, and the shallower the slope, the more they stand out (the top of a sphere is the classic spot where they look rough). If you want it smoother, I'd sand the print and give it a coat of primer and paint. Layer lines are also hidden well by matte plastics, filled plastics (glass or carbon fiber, or stone or wood particles), or a subtly textured surface I can switch on while printing. If you'd like a textured surface, tell me when you order which faces should be textured.

The seam

A cylinder whose seam is blended away, leaving a barely visible band instead of a line
The seam blended away — a faint band instead of a line
A cylinder with one tidy vertical seam line
Lined up into one tidy line
A cylinder with small seam dots scattered over its surface
Scattered — small dots instead of a line
A cylinder with a fine surface texture that hides the seam completely
A fine surface texture switched on — the seam disappears
Every layer has to start and stop somewhere, and stacked up those points make a seam. It can't be removed altogether, but I can pick how it looks: blended away, lined up into one tidy line, scattered into small dots, or hidden under a fine surface texture. The photos are a cylinder, which is the worst case — a round wall gives the seam nowhere to hide. On a model with corners or edges it gets tucked into one, and it's far less noticeable.

Color and finish

Colors are approximate. The filament I stock comes in everyday shades, not calibrated ones, so think "a shade of yellow" rather than an exact one — and while black and white are usually identical, two separate orders of other colors may come from different spools, so shades can vary a little. That's normal. If you need an exact, consistent color, the reliable route is to sand, prime with a filler primer, then paint. On the other hand, some brands calibrate their filament to the RAL palette for consistent color, but that filament costs about twice as much — rarely worth it.

How the print profiles compare

When you order, you choose how I print your part. Here's how the options differ, starting with the everyday default.

The inside of a test square from above: a coarser, more open grid
StandardThe Standard profile's middle, up close

The reliable all-rounder that looks great and handles everyday use; pick this if you aren't sure.

Tech details
  • Nozzle: 0.40 mm
  • Layer height: 0.20 mm
  • Fill: 15%
  • Wall thickness: 1.35 mm
The inside of a test square from above: a dense, fine grid
StrongThe same middle, packed much tighter

Built more solid throughout, so it stands up to weight and everyday strain — for functional, load-bearing parts.

Tech details
  • Nozzle: 0.40 mm
  • Layer height: 0.20 mm
  • Fill: 25%
  • Wall thickness: 2.70 mm

Got a part in mind? Upload the file and I'll send you a price. Get a quote